Ned Nepangue and Celestino Macachor contend that the term Kali in reference to Filipino martial arts did not exist until the Buenaventura Mirafuente wrote in the preface of the first known published book on Arnis, Mga Karunungan sa Larong Arnis by Placido Yambao, the term Kali as the native mother fighting art of the Philippine islands. In their book Cebuano Eskrima: Beyond the Myth however, Dr. These may be the origin of the term kali or they may have evolved from it. There exist numerous similar terms of reference for martial arts such as kalirongan, kaliradman, and pagkalikali. While Mirafuente posits that the original term was "Kali" and that the letter "S" was added later, the late Grandmaster Remy Presas suggests that the "S" was dropped in modern times and became presently more known as "Kali" in FMA circles. In some of these dictionaries, the term calis refers to a sword or knife kris or keris, while in others it refers to both swords and knives and their usage as well as a form of esgrima stick fighting. The term calis in various forms was present in these old Spanish documents in Ilocano, Ibanag ( calli-t pronounced as kal-lî), Kapampangan, Tagalog, Bicolano ( caris), Waray ( caris), Hiligaynon, Cebuano ( calix, baladao – " kalis balaraw/dagger" and cales ), and Moro-Maguindanao in Mindanao ( calis – the kris, weapon). The name Kali is most likely derived from the pre-Hispanic Filipino term for blades and fencing, Kalis ( Spanish spelling: " Calis"), documented by Ferdinand Magellan's expedition chronicler Antonio Pigafetta during their journey through the Visayas and in old Spanish to Filipino Mother Tongue dictionaries and vocabulary books dating from 1612 to the late 1800s, such as in Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala by Fr. Their cognate in French is escrime and is related to the English term 'skirmish'. Įskrima (also spelled Escrima) is a derived from the Spanish word for fencing, esgrima. Arnes is also an archaic Spanish term for weapon, used as early as 1712. It is said to derive from the armour costumes used in traditional Moro-moro stage plays, where actors fought mock battles with wooden swords. Arnis comes from arnés, the Old Spanish for "armour" ( harness is an archaic English term from same root).
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